Questions about global warming and its consequences
life·@chotho·
0.000 HBDQuestions about global warming and its consequences
In the last decade we figured out why the summer in most parts of world is getting colder, and it often resembles footage from the movie "The Day After Tomorrow".  ## What is global warming? This is an increase in the average temperature on Earth, which has been fixed since the end of the XIX century. Over the land and the ocean since the beginning of the XX century, it rose an average of 0.8 degrees. Scientists believe that by the end of the 21st century, the temperature can rise by an average of 2 degrees (negative forecast - 4 degrees).  ## But the increase is very small, is it really affecting something? All the climate change that we are experiencing is the consequences of global warming. That's what happened on Earth for the last century. * On all continents there were more hot days and fewer cold. * The global sea level increased by 14 centimeters. The area of glaciers is shrinking, they are melting, water is desalinated, the movement of ocean currents is changing. * Due to the fact that the temperature rose, the atmosphere began to hold more moisture. This has led to more frequent and powerful storms, especially in North America and Europe. * In some regions of the world (the Mediterranean, West Africa), there has been more drought, in others (the middle west of the USA, the north-west of Australia), on the contrary, it has decreased. ## What is the cause of global warming? Additional intake of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere: methane, carbon dioxide, water vapor, ozone. They absorb long waves of infrared radiation, not releasing them into space. Because of this, a greenhouse effect is formed on the Earth. >Global warming has provoked rapid development of industry. The more emissions from enterprises, the more active deforestation (and they absorb carbon dioxide), the more greenhouse gases accumulate. And the more warmly the Earth warms up. ## What all this can lead to? Scientists predict that further global warming can intensify disastrous for people processes, provoke droughts, floods, lightning-fast spread of dangerous diseases. Due to rising sea level, many settlements located in the coastal zone will be flooded. * The consequences of storms will become more global. * Seasons of rain will be longer, which will lead to more floods. * The duration and dry periods will increase, which threatens with powerful droughts. * Tropical cyclones will become stronger: the wind speed will be higher, the precipitation will be more abundant. * The combination of increased temperature and drought will make it difficult to grow some crops. * Many species of animals will migrate to preserve habitual habitat conditions. Some of them can disappear completely. For example, acidification of the ocean, which absorbs carbon dioxide (it is released by burning fossil fuels), kills oysters and coral reefs, worsens the conditions of predators.  ## Hurricanes "Harvey" and "Irma" are also provoked by global warming? According to one of the versions, in the formation of destructive hurricanes, the warming in the Arctic is to blame. It created an atmospheric "blockade" - slowed the circulation of jet streams in the atmosphere. Because of this, powerful "sedentary" storms have formed, absorbing a huge amount of moisture. But there is as yet no sufficient evidence of this theory. >**Many climatologists rely on the Clapeyron-Clausius equation, according to which an atmosphere with a higher temperature contains more moisture, and therefore conditions for the formation of more powerful storms arise. The water temperature in the ocean where the Harvey was formed is about 1 degree higher than the mean.** #### <center> *The atmosphere contained 3-5% more moisture. This led to the precipitation of a record amount of precipitation.*</center> Approximately the same scheme was formed and the hurricane Irma. The process began in warm waters off the coast of West Africa. Within 30 hours the elements increased to the third category (and then to the highest, the fifth). This rate of formation meteorologists recorded for the first time in two decades. https://youtu.be/ywQBfPtgEOM [source](https://youtu.be/ywQBfPtgEOM) Is it possible that we are waiting for what was described in the film "The Day After Tomorrow"? ***Scientists believe that such hurricanes can become the norm. True, there is no instantaneous global cooling, as in the film, climatologists do not predict.*** The first place in the top five global risks for 2017, voiced at the World Economic Forum, has already taken extreme weather events. 90% of the world's largest economic losses today are floods, hurricanes, floods, torrential rains, hail, drought. Global warming has led to an increase in temperature in the Arctic Ocean. The ice began to melt actively, the circulation of air currents changed, and seasonal atmospheric pressure distribution schemes also changed with them. >**Earlier the weather in Europe was made by the Arctic swing with the seasonal Azores maximum (high pressure area) and the Icelandic minimum. Between these two regions a western wind formed, which brought warm air from the Atlantic.** But due to the temperature increase, the difference in pressure between the Azores maximum and the Icelandic minimum was reduced. Air masses increasingly began to move not from the west to the east, but along the meridians. Arctic air can penetrate deep into the south and bring cold. Is it worth it for the citizens of globe to pack an anxious suitcase in case of the similarity of "Harvey"?  If there is a desire, why not. Who is warned, he is armed. This summer in many cities of the world recorded hurricanes, such as the strength has not been the last 100 years. ***According to Roshydromet, in 1990-2000, 150-200 dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena were recorded in our country, which caused damage. Today their number exceeds 400, and the consequences become more destructive.*** #### *<center> Here, huge funnels have formed, from which an explosive methane can be emitted.</center>* Previously, these funnels were the pincer bumps: an underground "storehouse" of ice. But because of global warming they melted. The voids were filled with gas hydrates, the release of which is like an explosion. ## Is it possible to stop global warming? Yes, if you completely rebuild the energy system. Today, about 87% of the world's energy produces fossil fuels (oil, coal, gas). To reduce the amount of emissions, it is necessary to use low-carbon energy sources: wind, sun, geothermal processes (occurring in the bowels of the earth).  >**Another way is to develop carbon capture, when carbon dioxide is extracted from emissions from power plants, oil refineries and other enterprises and pumped underground.** ## What prevents it? There are a number of reasons for this: political (defending the interests of certain companies), technological (alternative energy is considered too expensive), and others. #### <center> *The most active "producers" of greenhouse gases are China, the United States, the EU countries, India, and Russia*.</center>  If emissions can still be significantly reduced, there is a chance to stop global warming at around 1 degree. But if there are no changes, the average temperature can rise by 4 or more degrees. And in this case, the consequences will be irreversible and harmful to humanity. <br> *** *** <center>https://steemitimages.com/0x0/https://res.cloudinary.com/hpiynhbhq/image/upload/v1514794339/zr1q3jlquvx06l1pjywn.png</center>
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