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If you ask a layman how a black hole works, they'll talk about a terrifying object which sucks in and destroys anything that gets close or they might describe it as an endless void from whence no matter may emerge. But what's the truth and could anything possibly exist within a black hole's cosmic clutches. 

A black hole is a region of space which possesses immense gravitational force, this force is generated by a large amount of matter which has been compressed into a tiny space which often occurs because of the collapse of a star. Our entire galaxy revolves around a supermassive black hole which lies at the centre of the Milky Way with planets and stars able to orbit these objects safely without being sucked in unless they cross the event horizon. The event horizon describes the boundary surrounding a black hole beyond which light and radiation cannot escape. 

Beyond the horizon at the centre you'll find the gravitational singularity - a place where the concepts of space and time cease to have meaning. The laws of physics as we understand them do not operate at the singularity because gravity and density are both infinite and space-time becomes curved to an infinite degree. Unfortunately, we cannot see the singularity of a black hole because it is hidden behind its event horizon, but if we could see past it one Russian cosmologists believes we would find something very interesting indeed. Dokuchaev is a physicist and the author of the 2011 paper “Is there life inside black holes”, in his study the professor outlines his theory that life may exist within supermassive black holes like the one at the center of our galaxy. 

Scientists have discovered supermassive black holes at the centre of almost every large galaxy we've observed so far so if Professor Dokuchaev is right, life may be abundant across the universe but remained forever trapped inside these giant cosmic vacuum cleaners. But how could anything possibly survive within such a hostile environment? Dokuchaev’s theory is based on earlier work which concluded that subatomic particles like photons can survive in bizarre spiral orbits within certain regions inside a black hole. Dokuchaev is an expert in the study of photon dynamics and orbits and he believes that such orbits would only be possible once the objects crossed the event horizon, reaching an area known as the Cauchy horizon the region where time and space get themselves together and start acting normal again. Within the Cauchy horizon of a charged rotating black hole, Dokuchaev claims that this space-time conditions exist to facilitate the stable periodic orbits of photons and particles in an uncharged non-rotating black hole. Only particles which are sufficiently charged will enjoy a stable periodic orbit. If particles can exist within the Cauchy region under certain conditions, then so can larger objects like planets. 

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Dokuchaev has calculated that a planet inside a black hole would be brilliantly illuminated by the singularity which it orbits and lit up even further by the massive number of photons trapped in the same rotation. This world would experience perpetual daytime. Anything which exists on this planet will also have to deal with powerful tidal forces as well as huge energy densities caused by trapped photons. I assume this means you'd be able to catch some sweet waves and never need to charge your iPhone.

But this assumption is not based on any actual scientific fact. Unlike Dokuchaev’s assertion that a planet inside a black hole would be subjected to some pretty messed up causality violations, causality is the basic idea that entities cause actions and that an entity cannot act in contradiction to its nature this is why you can't change the past. The past has
already happened. Inside a black hole, the conditions may be ripe for causality violations to occur with the rules of space-time ceasing to apply to any organisms within. That means you could end up tongue wrestling a family member for the rest of eternity before you ever imagined yourself doing it. 

Professor Dokuchaev believes a planet inside a black hole could potentially support a complex chemistry rich enough to allow life to evolve and not just any old life but super fancy advanced intelligent life. Dokuchaev estimates that civilizations of the third Kardashev type would be the most likely to exist within a super massive black hole. This level of  will take humans an estimated 100,000 to 1 million years to reach, since it describes a race so powerful they can colonize the galaxy traverse interstellar space and even manipulate the stars themselves. Extracting their energy as if they were mere batteries, others have contended that a type four civilization would be more likely to live inside a black hole. They are able to travel between galaxies change the structure of space-time and even slow down the process of entropy. 

The power estimated to achieve such things is in the order of billions of trillions of Suns. How or why such civilizations would come to exist inside a black hole? Dokuchaev does not say they may have formed within it or they may have found a way to travel past the event horizon without being smooshed into spaghetti like a black hole calendar. These civilizations would live in safety behind the cloak of a supermassive black hole’s event horizon with these galactic nuclei potentially acting as safe havens for sufficiently advanced species. Maybe once civilizations reach a certain level of power they realize they are too dangerous to exist in the ordinary universe so they banish themselves to the Cauchy horizon to spare the lives of lesser beings or perhaps the weather is just nicer in there. It's a shame we'll likely never know. It may prove impossible to see beyond the event horizon of a black hole, so if any life has sprung up inside it could be permanently off-limits to anything outside. If we could somehow prove the life is possible inside a black hole, the sheer number of supermassive black holes out there means that some may be populated and if some have planets they might have stars and if they can have stars why not universes, which begs the question might our universe exists within a gigantic black hole. 

Source: youtube, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, https://arxiv.org/abs/1103.6140

Image source: Google images.

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