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<div class="text-justify"><strong>Dear friends, followers and members! of the Steem platform.</strong></div>
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<div class="text-justify">I take this opportunity to share scientific and technical information on <strong>MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION,</strong> specifically on morpho-comparative aspects between the behavior species <strong><em>Ruellia tuberosa</em> (ACANTHACEAE)</strong> and <strong><em>Sida acuta</em> (MALVACEAE)</strong> with the academic community of the Steemit social network.</div>
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<h2>Introduction</h2>
<div class="text-justify">The morphological differentiation, as a line of botanical study, seeks to identify, by means of the same or dissimilar characters, the external and internal morphological attributes that the plant species present in the biogeographic environments where they inhabit, fundamentally to know the relation between form, time and space.</div>
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<div class="text-justify">Consequently, basically the objective of this post, is to analyze the morphological differences of two species with arvense behavior that coexist in the same <strong>synecological space,</strong> as in the case of <em>Ruellia tuberosa</em> (ACANTHACEAE) and <em>Sida acuta</em> (MALVACEAE) .</div>
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<h2>Morpho-comparative study</h2>
<div class="text-justify">In botany the morphology, is a method of taxonomic work that allows to study, from the comparative point of view, the variability and particularity of the vegetal species, attending to the differentiation of; A. shape and B. Structure, mainly of organs and tissues, obtaining with it descriptive data, used for the grouping of species that share morphological similarities, information that also leads to establish adaptive relationships between plants and their habitat.</div>
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<div class="text-justify">Therefore, and in order to present morphological differentiation parameters present in plant species, which coexist in synecological areas of random distribution, a morpho-parametric characterization was made at field level, starting from the organographic variability of the following specimens;</div>
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<h3>Specimen I</h3>
<div class="text-justify"><em>Ruellia tuberosa, </em> is an herbaceous plant of arvense coexistence, taxonomically is located in the division Magnoliophyta, class Magnoliopsida and family Acanthaceae, originally from Jamaica, of geographic distribution around the tropical strip, this species usually occupies the perimeter canopy of cultivated areas, in the agricultural areas of Venezuela it is known as <strong>YUQUILLA.</strong></div>
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<center><img src="https://i.imgur.com/qSkxJHT.png"></center>
<blockquote><div class="text-justify">Fig. 2 Seedling <em>Ruellia tuberosa.</em> Author: @lupafilotaxia. </div></blockquote>
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<h3>Specimen II</h3>
<div class="text-justify"><em>Sida acuta,</em> known in Venezuela as <strong>ESCOBILLA,</strong> is an herb of shrub morphology, from the division Magnoliophyta, class Magnoliopsida and family Malvaceae, of Central American origin with extensive pantropical distribution, it is considered as arvense, for its exponential growth in Poaceae cultures and agricultural areas with low incidence of sunlight.</div>
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<center><img src="https://i.imgur.com/lAKuBPD.png"></center>
<blockquote><div class="text-justify">Fig. 3 Seedling <em>Sida acuta.</em>  Author: @lupafilotaxia. </div></blockquote>
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<h2>Morphological Differentiation</h2>
<h3>Root morphology</h3>
<div class="text-justify">The morphological structure of the root system of <em>Ruellia tuberosa</em> is of the tuberous type, which indicates that it has fibrous main and secondary roots with visible thickening, with respect to <em>S. acuta,</em> which has a typical root (pivoting), with lateral roots that are little developed in comparison to the main root.</div>
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<center><img src="https://i.imgur.com/IjuePx7.png"></center>
<blockquote><div class="text-justify">Fig. 4 On the left, root of <em>Ruellia tuberosa</em> is observed, and on the right root of <em>Sida acuta.</em> Author: @lupafilotaxia. </div></blockquote>
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<h3>Stem morphology</h3>
<div class="text-justify">In relation to the stem, <em>Ruellia tuberosa</em> presents tetragonal stems of herbaceous consistency, unlike <em>Sida acuta,</em> which exhibits stems of cylindrical and semi-woody morphology.</div>
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<center><img src="https://i.imgur.com/KCqxmxN.png"></center>
<blockquote><div class="text-justify">Fig. 5 On the left, there is a stalk of <em>Ruellia tuberosa,</em> and on the right stalk of <em>Sida acuta.</em>  Author: @lupafilotaxia. </div></blockquote>
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<h3>Morphology of the leaf</h3>
<table>
  <tbody><tr>
    <td><center><strong>Morphological parameter</strong></center></td>
    <td><center><strong><em>Ruellia tuberosa</em></strong></center></td>
    <td><center><strong><em>Sida acuta</em></strong></center></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Insertion to the stem</td>
    <td><center>Petiolate</center></td>
    <td><center>Petiolate</center></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Division of limbo</td>
    <td><center>Simple</center></td>
    <td><center>Simple</center></td>
  </tr>
<tr>
    <td>Limbo form</td>
    <td><center>Oblong</center></td>
    <td><center>Lanceolate</center></td>
  </tr>
<tr>
    <td>Edge of limbo</td>
    <td><center>Whole</center></td>
    <td><center>Serrated</center></td>
  </tr>
<tr>
    <td>Type of nerve</td>
    <td><center>Pinnatinervia</center></td>
    <td><center>Pinnatinervia</center></td>
  </tr>
<tr>
    <td>Leaf apex</td>
    <td><center>Obtuse</center></td>
    <td><center>Acute</center></td>
  </tr>
<tr>
    <td>Foliar base</td>
    <td><center>Attenuated</center></td>
    <td><center>Truncated</center></td>
  </tr>
</tbody></table>
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<center><img src="https://i.imgur.com/kSjzIQl.png"></center>
<blockquote><div class="text-justify">Fig. 6 On the left, leaf blade of <em>Ruellia tuberosa</em> is observed, and to the right of <em>Sida acuta.</em> Author: @lupafilotaxia. </div></blockquote>
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<h3>Filotaxy</h3>
<div class="text-justify">The <em>Ruellia tuberosa,</em> presents an architectural arrangement or arrangement around the stem, with <strong>OPPOSITE</strong> orientation (two leaves per leaf node), while <em>Sida acuta,</em> exhibits an <strong>ALTERNATE</strong> type adjusted model (one leaf per leaf node).</div>
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<center><img src=" https://i.imgur.com/L5UE5FS.png"></center>
<blockquote><div class="text-justify">Fig. 7 On the left, the phyllotaxis arrangement of <em>Ruellia tuberosa</em> can be seen, and to the right of <em>Sida acuta.</em> Author: @lupafilotaxia. </div></blockquote>
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<h3>Flower morphology</h3>
<div class="text-justify">Regarding the floral morphology, <em>Ruellia tuberosa</em> has purple flowers, 5 visible petals fused together, while <em>Sida acuta,</em> flowers around the apical area of the plant, with actinomorphic symmetry and yellow.</div>
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<center><img src="https://i.imgur.com/uf04V3m.png"></center>
<blockquote><div class="text-justify">Fig. 8 On the left, the flower of <em>Ruelia tuberosa</em> is shown, and to the right of <em>Sida acuta.</em> Author: @lupafilotaxia. </div></blockquote>
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<h2>Variability and coexistence</h2>
<div class="text-justify">We found little morphological variability, this is probably due to the phenotypic expression of the species considered, which from the evolutionary point of view have adapted to a dynamic of random dispersion, which allows them to coexist maintaining balanced morphological characters, therefore infer that filotaxy can be the morphological parameter of interaction in the same synecological space without affecting each other, this is why it represents the most unequal morphological attribute between both species (<em>Ruellia tuberosa</em> and <em>Sida acuta</em>), this reflects the adjustment in the foliar arrangement and architecture, to reduce the interference in the capture of light photons.</div>
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<h3><center>SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS OF THIS PUBLICATION</center></h3>
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<ul>
<li><div class="text-justify">The socialized information, part of the morphological differentiation as a descriptive element, to elucidate the taxonomic aspects or botanical attributes, which may or may not be related to the random synecological distribution of the species <em>Ruellia tuberosa</em> and <em>Sida acuta,</em> therefore, the study extends the relative knowledge of both species, by pointing out the integration of these in heterogeneous communities, where each occupies a space or residence ecology, the phylaxic formation forming the unequal parameter, which feasibly allows them to coexist in a reciprocal way, by retaining light radiation without interference between yes.</div></li>

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<h3><center>BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES CONSULTED AND CITED:</center></h3>
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<div class="text-justify"><strong>[1] Amo S.</strong> Clave para plántulas y estados juveniles de especies primarias de una Selva Alta Perennifolia en Veracruz, México. Biótica. 1979; 4:2: 59-108.</div>
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<div class="text-justify"><strong>[2] Ricardi M., y Hernandes A.</strong> Morfología de plántulas y árboles venezolanos. Public. Rev. Forest. Venezolana. ULA – Mérida, Venezuela. 1997; 27: 15-56.</div>
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<div class="text-justify"><strong>[3] Simpson M.</strong> Plant Systematics. Elsevier. 2006; 286-289.</div>
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<div class="text-justify"><strong>[4] Strasburger E., Noll F., Schenck H., y Schimper A.</strong> Tratado de botánica. Editorial Marin S.A. Barcelona – España. 1974; 739-747.</div>
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<div class="text-justify"><strong>[5] Tripp E. Evolutionary relationships within the species-rich genus Ruellia (Acanthaceae). Syst. Bot. 2007; 32: 628–649.</strong></div><strong>
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