CULTIVATION OF COVERAGE IN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE
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0.000 HBDCULTIVATION OF COVERAGE IN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE
<center> [SOURCE](https://www.google.co.ve/search?q=LA+IMPORTANCIA+DE+THE+CULTIVATIONS+COVERAGE) CULTIVATION OF COVERAGE. It is the crop produced between periods of regular production of the main crop with the objective of protecting the soil against erosion and improving its productivity, health and quality. Plant cultivated to prevent soil erosion by covering it with live vegetation and roots that hold the soil. Cover crops are also grown to help conserve soil organic matter and increase the availability of nitrogen (green manure crop), as well as to "retain" excess nutrients (intermediate crop) left in the soil after a commercial cultivation.  [SOURCE](https://www.google.co.za/search?q=LOS+CULTIVATIONS+COBERTURE) THE IMPORTANCE OF COVERAGE CROPS Keeping the soil covered is a fundamental principle of Conservation Agriculture. Crop residues are retained on the soil surface, and cover crops may be needed if the period between the harvest of one crop and the next crop is too long. Cover crops improve the stability of the CA system, not only in the improvement of soil properties, but also because of its capacity to promote increased biodiversity in the agro-ecosystem. While cash crops have a market value, cover crops have value because of their effect on soil fertility or as fodder for livestock. In regions where the quantities of biomass produced are very small, such as dry areas and eroded soils  [SOURCE](https://www.google.co.za/search?q=LOS+CULTIVATIONS+COBERTURE) WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF COVERAGE CROPS PROTECT THE SOIL IN THE BARBECCO PERIODS. Soils in arid climates often contain high levels of ductile sand and silt particles that contribute to erosion caused by wind and water. Certain species of protection crops are more effective than others to maintain the integrity of the topsoil (the grass is better than the broadleaf species). The protection crop prevents erosion, reduces soil compaction, adds organic matter and increases water filtration. CAN BE USED FOR THE CONTROL OF WEEDS AND PESTS. By reducing initial weed pressure, protective crops improve subsequent control strategies, including herbicide applications and cultivation practices. THE NUTRIENTS ARE MOBILIZED AND RECYCLED. Protective crops can protect the environment from nitrate leaching by trapping residual nutrients left in the soil after harvesting the crop to be marketed, recycling them for the next crop. INCREASE THE POPULATION OF MICROORGANISMS IN THE SOIL. Protective crops can improve biodiversity, increase the population of microorganisms that inhabit the soil; attract beneficial insects and suppress nematodes; building a more flexible and solid system that ensures long-term productivity. WORK AS AN ADDITIONAL SOURCE OF NUTRITION. Protective crops with legumes can create an additional source of nutrients in the soil. The sowing of a protection crop based on legumes can add nitrogen to the soil, allowing to reduce the amount of nitrogen that is necessary to buy to feed the commercial crop. CAN BE USED AS BIOFUMIGANTS. Protective crops can also be used as biofumigants. Brassicaceous species used as protective cultures release isothiocyanates in the soil when the walls of their cells are broken down. These compounds can serve as insecticides and help control plant pests, including nematodes. Some examples of biofumigants include mustards, oil radish, turnip and rapeseed. The producer must allow the protection crop to grow until the flowering stage, without reaching the stage of seed production. Once in bloom, the protection crop is cleared and its residues are mixed with the soil to potentiate its biofumigant effect.  [SOURCE](https://www.google.co.ve/search?q=LABRANZA+DE+CONSERVACIÓN.) CONSERVATION TILLAGE. Conservation tillage as a series of cultivation practices that include: zero tillage; minimum tillage, tillage on loins and tillage. These tillage methods reduce the volume of soil that is removed and conserve crop residues in the field. It is possible to use a wide variety of conservation tillage techniques, including:  [SOURCE](https://www.google.co.ve/search?q=LABRANZA+DE+CONSERVACIÓN.) ZERO LABRANZA. In this technique, the soil is not tilled from harvest until the next crop is sown. The no-till crop is sown or transplanted directly into the uncultivated soil where the previous crop was planted.  [SOURCE](https://www.google.co.ve/search?q=LABRANZA+DE+CONSERVACIÓN.) LABRANZA IN FRANJAS. This is a form of conservation tillage that is frequently used in vegetable production systems. The sowing row is tilled before planting, to allow time for waste to be removed, for the soil to dry and warm up and in some cases to eliminate soil contamination. This strip of tillage is usually 20 to 30 cm wide and 5 to 35 cm deep. Strip tillage decreases the volume of soil that is removed and the amount of dust that is generated; It also reduces the costs of fuel, labor and equipment. This type of tillage allows the application in band of the herbicides and fertilizers that are incorporated into the soil surface before sowing, so that they reach different depths.  [SOURCE](https://www.google.co.ve/search?q=LABRANZA+DE+CONSERVACIÓN.) THE LABRANZA IN LOINS. In this type of tillage the crops are sown and grown on the loins or on shallow beds that are prepared during the previous crop cycle, generally using adapted implements of rakes, discs for hilling and side plates (wings) forming furrows that adapt in front of the shoe of the planter and pass raking the ground and eliminating the residues of the surface of the back of the furrow; leaving a clean row for planting.  [SOURCE](https://www.google.co.za/search?q=that+are+codes+cultures) COVERAGE CROPS ARE CONVENIENT FOR: Protect the soil when it is not cultivated. Provide an additional source of organic matter to improve soil structure and create an enriched arable layer. Recycle nutrients and mobilize them in the soil profile with the purpose of eliminating layers of slow-moving nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium. Act as "biological plow" of the soil; The roots of some crops, especially cruciferous crops such as radish, are pivoting and capable of penetrating compacted or very dense layers, increasing the percolation capacity of soil water. Easily use leached nutrients. Cover crops are used during fallow periods, between harvesting and sowing commercial crops and using residual soil moisture. Its growth is interrupted before planting the next crop or after sowing it, but before the competition between the two crops begins. Cover crops boost agricultural production, but they also present some challenges. Different plants with different root systems explore different depths of the soil and have the capacity to absorb different amounts of nutrients; In addition, the production of several root exudates (organic acids) are beneficial for both soil and organisms. The residues of crops left on the surface of the soil inhibit the evaporation of soil moisture and at the same time provide a greater infiltration of water into the profile. The percentage of rain that infiltrates the soil depends on the amount of coverage provided. Since the different cover crops produce different amounts of biomass, the density of the various residues with different crops, and thus the ability to increase the rate of water infiltration.  [SOURCE](https://www.google.co.za/search?q=LOS+CULTIVATIONS+COBERTURE) VEGETATIVE COVERAGE IS ESSENTIAL IN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE: For soil protection against the impact of raindrops, to keep the soil under shade and with the highest possible level of humidity, to use and, therefore, recycle nutrients and to use their allelopathic effects on weeds, thus leading to the reduction of the use of agrochemicals and in this way to reduce production costs. Stubble residues act as a cover that attenuates the pressure exerted on the soil surface by tractors and harvesting equipment, thus avoiding problems of compaction.  [SOURCE](https://www.google.co.za/search?q=LOS+CULTIVATIONS+COBERTURE) Rye is often used as a cover crop because it prevents soil erosion, helps the soil retain nutrients, and reduces the need to till the soil. When used as a cover crop, rye is sown during the fall, killed during the spring, and the waste decomposes in the same fields where soybeans and other crops are planted later. But instead of cutting the rye, many farmers crush it with a heavy cylinder, thus forming a rye bush.  [SOURCE](https://www.google.co.za/search?q=LOS+CULTIVATIONS+COBERTURE) Crushing the rye with this device uses less energy than what is needed to cut the crop, it is faster, and it is done only once each season. Unlike cutting the crop, crop residues are left intact in the field, forming a thick mat that is more effective in suppressing weeds. There are two common types of rye, called "Aroostook" and "Wheeler". And it has been shown that the best time to crush the rye is when the plants have reached 50 of 75 percent of their flowering stage.  [SOURCE](https://www.google.co.ve/search?q=TIPOS+DE+CULTIVOS+DE+PROTECTIÓ) TYPES OF PROTECTION CROPS There are many options for vegetable growers in terms of the types of protective crops they can use. Protective crops can be separated into two main categories: legumes and non-legumes. The producers must decide which is the best type of protection crop depending on the crops they are going to plant. The type of protection crop is important, since its type depends on the management of pests, the sowing dates and the rotations of the different crops. The careful management of the different types of protection crops requires producers to remain vigilant against pests, both weeds and insects. Likewise, it is necessary to avoid pests that infest similar crops. For example, a commercial crop (such as sweet corn) should not be planted after a grass-like protection crop (such as rye); since both will have the same types of pests. Protective crops are valuable not only because they serve to improve the efficiency and productivity of farming systems, but because they also serve to minimize adverse environmental impacts; which has been widely documented with many different farming systems. "Protective crops have been used in the production of vegetables and tomatoes aimed at the fresh produce market, as well as in the production of agronomic crops such as wheat, beans, corn and soybeans Source: https://www.hortalizas.com/cultivos/manejo-de-cultivos-de-cobertura/ https://boletinagrario.com/dc-1432,aplastar-centeno-para-usarlo-como-cultivo-cobertura.html http://intainforma.inta.gov.ar/?p=33054 Thanks for taking a few minutes to read my article. </center>