![Hintergrundbilder Ethereum 2.0.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmYc7RRSfrfnoQi6shKAPiHDmMz4qbCwkQKXJ1RVjv3PXd/Hintergrundbilder%20Ethereum%202.0.png)
Blockchains’s rise over the last three years has been huge. A whole new industry of software developers, innovators, and entrepreneurs are building Blockchain based products. Despite its success, it is still a growing technology. But to keep growing it needs to address a lot of key issues.

It is a combination of these key features:

Plasma
Casper
Beacon Chain
Aggregate Signatures
Sharding
    eWASM

Plasma

A Blockchain like Ethereum is currently able to make 13-15 transactions per seconds. That is a really low capacity. Especially if you consider that visa is currently processing 20.000 transactions per second. So if cryptos like Ethereum wants to replace visa and act as digital cash, it needs to scale up its capacity.

Plasma can help to improve the transactions per second. It is a technique for conducting off-chain transactions while relying on the Blockchain. So it still has the same level of security. While solving different problems, they all take operations away from the “main chain” and perform them on the “off chain” instead. If you want to know more about Plasma, click here.

Casper

So Blockchain mostly relies on proof of work for consensus. As a result, you have a lot of people with a lot of computing power pointing that power to the network. So they make it costly if someone wants to be a bad actor. But because a lot of computing power gets lost, proof or work is really wasteful. It also burns a lot of electricity.

So Casper was developed to solve the proof of work problem. They try to stop the waste of computing power and electricity. So there are two types of implementations. The first one is called Friendly Finality Gadget (FFG) the other one is called Correct Buy Constructions (CBC). FFG is a combination of proof of work and proof of stake. CBC is a completely new concept of proof of stake. Here we explain Casper in detail.

Beacon Chain

The beacon chain is a brand new proof-of-stake blockchain. It runs parallel to the Blockchain and tries to solve the scalability problem.

So a smart contract will allow validators to take part in the proof-of-stake protocol. Therefore they have to take a deposit. When validators deposit into the smart contract, they put it on the beacon chain. So maybe they become active validators and will take part in the proof-of-stake protocol. The beacon chain will randomly select validators for block proposal and votings. This random sampling in the beacon chain is important. As a result, it stops validators colluding and influencing the system. Here you can find everything about Beacon Chain.

Aggregate Signatures

If each vote was a transaction, the blockchain would have to process all the votes step by step within a tight time period. This puts a limit on the number of validators that can take part. The more validators that can participate the better because it improves security.

Aggregate signatures work like a petition. So the petition is sent to each validator, who applies their signature in support. To reduce the load on the beacon chain these petitions are sent off-chain and only fully built-in the blockchain when the petition has enough support. If you want to know more about Validator click here.

Sharding

Sharding can solve the scalability problem. It can realize the performance gains necessary to scale. So every PC that runs on the Blockchain has to process the transactions in a special order. Despite the fact that the network runs on thousands of PCs, different transactions cannot be processed at the same time. So the current Ethereum blockchain is one big single chain of blocks that have to process all transactions step by step.

Sharding is like adding new chains to process more transactions. So each shard is a separate blockchain with its own state and transaction history. But all shards also share the same proof-of-stake consensus with the beacon chain. The registered validators on the beacon chain will then become a global pool of validators. So they validate blocks on the beacon chain and the shards. But this is just a simple explanation, if you want to know more about sharding, click here.

eWASM

Smart-contracts are one of the most interesting parts . With them, you can create great DApps and even more. Smart-contracts are currently written in Solidity or Vyper and compiled into the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) code. As a result, every node executes this code. So the faster the EVM can execute the code the better. But this leads to a lot of problems.

So to solve these problems, eWASM replaces the EVM. eWASM is based on WebAssembly (WASM). Thus, this change will make a huge difference to how many transactions can be processed and added to a block. So eWASM can increase the transaction throughput. As a result, the network will also be more secure, supports more languages and can be portable.

Of course, there are way more improvements and I can´t list them all. But if you want to be updated over every new development visit this site:  
https://nirolution.com/