![](https://images.ecency.com/DQmaE1DBvM8AxMB7udngRPwL1GsSRPh5Ank9VqrvbSgu21G/portada_.jpg)


----

# <center>One of the Greatest Women in Mathematics & Physics  </center>

----

Known worldwide as Emmy Noether, **Amalie Emmy Noether** was a German mathematician, born into a Jewish family in the city of Erlangen, Germany on 23 March 1882. She achieved great fame in the world of science, as her work as a mathematician revolutionised the field of abstract algebra in mathematics, as well as having a profound impact on the theoretical physics of the time, and to this day her work remains a cornerstone in the general understanding of modern physics, and the latter can be seen, to cite just one example, when we look at the realisation of the so-called --**Noether theorem**, which establishes a fundamental connection between the symmetries described in physics and the laws of conservation of energy.

Despite all the discrimination she suffered throughout her scientific career as a woman in science, a field historically dominated by men, she managed to achieve a place of special relevance in mathematics and physics, demonstrating that her genius was greater than any discrimination or prejudice of the time. 


----

### ***Main Mathematical Contributions.***

----




* ***The Noether Theorem:***
It was in 1915 that Professor Emmy Noether proved this theorem, which states that for every differentiable symmetry of the action of a physical system there is a corresponding conservation law. This result is fundamental for the study of theoretical physics, because it manages to connect concepts that appear to be disparate, such as symmetry and conservation. 

* ***Works in Abstract Algebra:***
His contributions to abstract algebra were very significant, making important contributions to the theory of rings, ideals and commutative algebras. Therefore, Professor Noether's work proved to be fundamental for the conception and development of modern algebra, as well as for the advancement of very abstract areas of mathematics such as topology and algebraic geometry. 

  In general terms, she was responsible for the development of the theory of ideals in rings. 

<center> ![](https://images.ecency.com/DQmTaPDTufGwHDU7mg1Aa8zscTG9KSnT1KauN5qhj8hL7uK/comutatived.png) </center>

> <center> Comutative Diagram for the First Isomorphism Theorem </center>



* ***Developments in Theoretical Physics:***
Among many contributions to theoretical physics, one that stands out above all others was that **Albert Einstein** used much of Professor Noether's work in the development of his Theory of General Relativity. In addition, his ideas and mathematical methods were very useful for the study of quantum physics.



----


### ***Life and Performance.***

----
Emmy Noether's perseverance was fundamental in overcoming the imposing gender barriers of the time in which she lived her life, and despite these prejudices she managed to study mathematics at the University of Erlangen, where she obtained her doctorate in mathematics in 1907. In 1915 she was invited by the prominent mathematicians **David Hilbert** and **Felix Klein** to the University of Göttingen, which was and still is one of the world's leading centres for mathematical research.  

While in Göttingen, Noether faced strong opposition in her bid for a position as an academic at Göttingen University because she was a woman, but she succeeded in obtaining her accreditation as a professor at Göttingen in 1919. Although she managed to work as an academic at the University of Göttingen, she faced another type of prejudice due to the religion she professed, as she was expelled from the academic institution for her Jewish ancestry in 1933 by the Nazi regime. 

Eventually Professor Noether managed to flee the strong arm of the Nazi regime to the United States, where she ended up working as a professor at Bryn Mawr College until the end of her days. 

 ***Key Publications:***

* **'Invariante Variationsprobleme' (Invariant variation problems)(1918):**
In this article we find the proof of Noether's Theorem, which serves among many things to establish a deep connection between the symmetries that lie in physics and the conservation laws of physics. This theorem is of vital importance for the structure of modern theoretical physics, as well as for the study and form of specific fields of physics such as general relativity or particle physics. 

* **'Idealtheorie in Ringbereichen' (Theory of Ideals on Ring Domains (1921):**
In this work Amalie Noether would lay the foundations that would be used to develop the modern theory of ideals in rings, which turns out to be a central concept of abstract algebra. On the other hand, his axiomatic and abstract approach caused a revolution in the study of algebraic structures such as rings, as well as having a great impact on algebraic geometry. 


----

Without a doubt and in general terms, it can be said with confidence that Amalie Emmy Noether was an exceptional mathematician, whose passage through the academic world would leave an indelible mark on the scientific world, and although her main career was mathematics, it would be through her abstract and very rigorous mathematical works that she would manage to make an invaluable contribution to the field of theoretical physics.  and that even today continue to be a material of special reference for physicists of all generations who are and who are to come.

Despite all the vicissitudes she had to face throughout her life, including gender discrimination and political persecution, her unbreakable and persevering spirit would manage to build a legacy that is still valid in the modern science. For so much effort and dedication, today we thank you eternally, Professor Emmy Noether. 

Passed away on 14 April 1935 in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, USA. 

----

![](https://images.ecency.com/DQmUP9T3NmhkVuFx2Z5LqBsUovpG7bm9Gh44bzE8aMZUhbg/barrita_liketu.png)



# <center> Some of Her Contributions. </center>

----

![](https://images.ecency.com/DQmdT25KMtkPfxvbSkQRRyLNAwKmn4TA1ANP8uqj4ifjeaP/theorem1.png)


----


![](https://images.ecency.com/DQmd9Jpvh3oixCrfb3XBHB5nKif5scNqU2xv1fXXnRXnb3z/theorem2.png)







----

![](https://images.ecency.com/DQmfPWTWT6d8FMwA2KsA2tDMcdQD3e6C74Y4YF4qEmu5TRo/theorem3.png)

----


<center> [Emmy Noether Portrait Image Source](https://www.udc.es/es/igualdadeetsac/_galeria_imgs/Pildoras/Emmy-n.jpeg?__scale=w:1800,h:1075) </center>

----

# **Note:** All the images related to Noether Contributions are crafted by me using the text editor based on LaTeX: Beamer. Also, the plots about the Comutative Diagrams shown in this post were created by me using the Wolfram language: 'Mathematica', & LaTeX - Tikz (package).

 # ***'The Structure of this article is by my authorship too.'***

Regards.
----
----
# <center> **References** </center>

> Baez, J. (2020, February 17). Noether's theorem in a nutshell. https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/noether.html

> Noether, E. (1918). "Invariante Variationsprobleme". Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse. 1918: 235–257.

> Weisstein, Eric W. "Noether's Fundamental Theorem." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/NoethersFundamentalTheorem.html


----

![](https://images.ecency.com/DQmNjHfPhomSMfwzUCAaYebdHqSEPrESuwCRpag7JMMCicN/banner_hvgc_ingles.jpg)

----