<b>AI meal detection edges science closer to producing an artificial pancreas</b>; Android phones from 29 manufacturers come prepackaged with 146 exploits; <b>The Mars 2020 rover's landing site has materials that are good at preserving signs of life on Earth</b>; Physics research into neutrinos leads to discovery in basic math; and <b>a Steem essay reporting on efforts to prevent rhino poaching by creating fake rhino horns</b>

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<center><b><i>Fresh and Informative Content Daily: Welcome to my little corner of the blockchain</i></b></center>
<table>
<tr><td><h5>Straight from <A HREF=https://theoldreader.com>my RSS feed</A></h5></td><td><h5>Whatever gets my attention</h5></td></tr>
</table>

<h6>Links and micro-summaries from my 1000+ daily headlines.  I filter them so you don't have to.</h6>

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<div class=pull-right><p>

https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2014/11/12/19/25/diabetes-528678_960_720.jpg
<h6> pixabay license: <a href="https://pixabay.com/photos/diabetes-blood-sugar-diabetic-528678/">source</a>.</h6>

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<ol>
<li> <A HREF="https://www.stevens.edu/news/meal-detection-technology-brings-artificial-pancreas-one-step-closer-reality">Meal-Detection Technology Brings Artificial Pancreas One Step Closer to Reality</A> - Stevens Institute of Technology researcher, <A HREF="http://www.skleinberg.org/">Samantha Kleinberg</A> has <A HREF="https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article/26/12/1592/5575393">a paper</A>  in the Sept. 27 advanced online issue of the Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association describing the automatic meal detection technology that was created by her team.  This technology can detect, in real time, when a patient has eaten and it can calculate how many carbohydrates have been eaten.  The AI system also incorporates information about activity levels in order to account for exercise-induced fluctuations in blood sugar.  For diabetics, this enables insulin to be administered closer to the time when it's actually needed.  As-of now, their work is focus on building larger data sets in order to develop the algorithm to get faster and better as time passes and more data is encountered.  <A HREF="https://cacm.acm.org/news/240862-meal-detection-technology-brings-artificial-pancreas-closer-to-reality/fulltext">h/t Communications of the ACM</A></li><br>

<li> <A HREF="https://www.wired.com/story/146-bugs-preinstalled-android-phones/">146 New Vulnerabilities All Come Preinstalled on Android Phones</A> - In a <A HREF="https://www.kryptowire.com/android-firmware-2019/">new disclosure</A>, Kryptowire announced their discovery of 146 vulnerabilities that come pre-installed on Android phones from 29 different smartphone makers.  The vulnerabilities range from audio recording to remote command execution, and also include the ability to alter system properties and settings.  These vulnerabilities are particularly pernicious because they don't depend on user actions to be activated, and there is little or nothing that a phone's owner can do to remediate them.  This follows a similar, but smaller scale disclosure from the same firm last year, but now the team has developed a tool to detect exploitable phones and automate creation of a proof-of-concept exploit, without even needing to have the device in hand.  Kryptowire's CEO, <A HREF="https://cs.gmu.edu/~astavrou/">Angelos Stavrou</A> says, "<i>We believe that if you are a vendor you should not trust anybody else to have the same level of permissions as you within the system.</i>"</li><br>

<li> <A HREF="https://www.technologyreview.com/s/614715/the-landing-site-for-nasas-mars-2020-rover-might-be-home-to-fossilized-life/">The landing site for NASA’s Mars 2020 rover might be home to fossilized life</A> - Two recent studies suggest that the Martian Jezero crater, which contains a fossilized river delta, contains materials which are often associated with preservation of life on Earth.  One <A HREF="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085584">study</A> in <i>Geophysical Letters</i> finds the presence of hydrated silica - which is good at preserving biosignatures and organics in microfossils.  A second <A HREF="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113526">study</A> was published in <i>Icarus</i> identified the presence of carbonates, which are good at preserving coral, seashells, and stromatolites on Earth.  The first study was conducted by <A HREF="http://www.jessetarnas.com/">Jesse Tamas</A> and his team.  The second study was conducted by <A HREF="https://www.eaps.purdue.edu/horgan/">Briony Horgan</A> and her lab.  The crater is the planned landing site for the Mars 2020 rover, so these discoveries raise the possibility that the rover might find evidence of past biological life in the Martian Geological record.  Even if the rover doesn't find any such record, these materials will be at the top of the "must return" list, for analysis in the lab.</li><br>

<li> <A HREF="https://www.quantamagazine.org/neutrinos-lead-to-unexpected-discovery-in-basic-math-20191113/">Neutrinos Lead to Unexpected Discovery in Basic Math</A> - Physicists studying neutrinos were trying to explain strange behavior that they were observing, and in the process they needed to calculate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of various complex 3x3 matrices.  These mathematical tools are ubiquitous in math because they characterize various transformations of a matrix.  Traditionally, eigenvalues are much easier to compute than eigenvectors, but these physicists noticed an identity whereby a matrix's eigenvectors can be calculated directly from its eigenvalues without ever knowing the full matrix.  The three submitted their observations to a mathematician, who responded in two hours with three independent proofs that their observations hold true.  The group, comprised of physicists, <A HREF="https://home.fnal.gov/~parke/">Stephen Parke</A>, <A HREF="https://physics.uchicago.edu/people/profile/xining-zhang/">Xining Zhang</A>, <A HREF="https://peterdenton.github.io/">Peter Denton</A>, and mathematician <A HREF="https://www.math.ucla.edu/~tao/">Terence Tao</A> have now posted a <A HREF="https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.03795">paper</A> on the topic, and the work is under review for publication in <i>Communications in Mathematical Physics</i>.</li><br>

<li> STEEM <A HREF="/@johnvibes/scientists-create-fake-rhino-horn-to-disrupt-poacher-s-market">Scientists Create Fake Rhino Horn To Disrupt Poacher’s Market</A> - In this post @johnvibes reports on a team of scientists including <A HREF="https://www.zoo.ox.ac.uk/people/professor-fritz-vollrath">Fritz Vollrath</A> at Oxford University who have created a fake rhino horn that is made out of horse hair, that the team says is cheap and easy to make, and is virtually indistinguishable from actual rhino horns.  They hope that introducing these substitutes into the market place may reduce demand for the real thing, and thereby reduce poaching and protect the species.  Critiics, however, are doubtful that the fake is convincing enough for knowledgeable buyers and worry that introducing the fakes into the marketplace may actually stimulate demand for the real thing.<br><br><b>Here is a video, but click through and upvote @johnvibes post</b>

https://youtu.be/Gq2yv3PybbI

(A 10% beneficiary setting has been applied to this post for @johnvibes.)

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