![image](https://img.esteem.ws/vj98008upk.jpg)The problem of pollution is not really a new problem. From the earliest times, human waste is being dissolved in water sources. At present, the problem of acute industrial development, population growth, misuse of water resources, reduction of rainfall, etc. Humanitarian and natural causes have caused a problem of water pollution.

Thus, when the chemical, physical and biological properties of water are depleted by human and various actions, such water is called polluted water. It is clear that when such a change occurs in the physical, chemical or biological structure of water that the water becomes harmful and unwanted to the life conditions of an animal, then that water is called "polluted water". There are four types of water pollution in this way:1. Physical water pollution: Physical water pollution changes the odor, taste, and thermal properties of water.

2. Chemical water pollution: Chemical water pollution is caused by the chemical substances from water in different industries and other sources.

3. Body-functional water pollution: When there is such a change in the properties of water that human action is harmful in the use of the water, then it is called body-acting water pollution.

4. Organic water pollution: Water polluted due to the entry of various pathogenic organisms in water is called polluted water.

Due to water pollution


The direct connection of water pollution is through the use of water. Water is used in adequate quantities in the cities and waste water is drained by water and sewers by sewers and drains. The waste water found in the water sources is composed of many toxic chemicals and organic matter, which also causes the clean water of the water sources to be polluted. Exhausted matter from industries is also the main cause of water pollution. Apart from this, water is also polluted due to some quantities of natural causes.

It is thus clear that water pollution is a natural or man-made change in the quality of water, which becomes inaccessible and dangerous for food and animal health, industry, agriculture, fisheries or entertainment purposes. In this way, water pollution is caused by the depletion of chemical, physical and biological properties of water, which is decomposed into the water resources by human activities and natural actions and mixing of plant matter and asymmetry. It is clear from the above analysis that there are two sources of water pollution: 1. Natural and 2. Human.Natural sources of water pollutionNatural pollution of water is due to the presence of erosion in water, plant leaves and humus substances and seepage of animals etc. in the water. If the water is stored on the land, if the amount of minerals in the land is high then they are found in the mineral water. These include arsenic, lead, cadmium and mercury etc. (which are called toxic substances). If their quantity exceeds the optimum concentration then they become harmful.

In addition to the above mentioned toxic substances, nickel, barium, beryllium, cobalt, malibedenum, tin, vanadium etc are also found naturally in water in small quantities.Human resources of water pollution


Due to the various activities of the human being, the water is polluted by getting rid of excreta and wastewater in the water. These waste and waste excretions are obtained in the following form: 1. Household exfoliation, 2. Draining stools, 3. Industrial exits, 4. Agriculture exits, 5. Heat or thermal pollution, 6. Oil pollution and 7. Radioactive waste Avatar.

1. Household exfoliation: Existence containing household waste is called 'stool water'. Various daily household works and various substances are used in cooking, bathing, cloth washing and other cleaning activities, which, as a waste of waste, are excreted in the drains with household excreta and eventually fall into water bodies. Such exfoliates include rotten fruit and vegetables, stove ash from kitchens, various types of garbage, cloth pots, disinfectants, dirty water and other polluting waste products, which meet water sources of water pollution Causes are formed. The use of synthetic crystals in the work of cleaning of the present time is being increasingly increasing day by day, which is a permanent cause of water pollution in water bodies.2. Washed waste: In fact, the term "water pollution" was used only in the context of pollution caused by human stool in water. If the bacteria commonly found in human intestines were present in water, then that water was considered as polluted water which was considered ineligible for human use.

Excluded human stool-urine from mainly domestic and public toilets is included under the effluent feces. Draining stool contains both organic and inorganic substances. Most of the solid stool is organic, in which the sage and sometimes concrete factor micro-organisms also exist. With the abundance of organic matter, different types of microorganisms and bacteria, protozoans, viruses, fungus and algae grow faster. If this type of contaminated wastewater occurs in the water sources caused by sewage drains without treatment, then the cause of fierce water pollution is made. In open spaces, sterile stools by humans and animals also cause water pollution by mixing water sources flowing with rain water. Such water pollution is called biological pollution.

It is noteworthy that in one year, 5 lakh tonnes of sewage is generated on 10 lakh people, most of which is found in sea and rivers. According to an estimate, out of 142 cities with more than one lakh population in India, there are only 8 such towns in which there is a complete arrangement for laying sewage. Of these, 62 are towns where there is a good system while 72 are such towns where there is no proper arrangement.

3. Industrial Exclusion: In most industries, after many production processes, many unsuitable materials are left, which are called industrial waste products. Most of these industrial effluents or exocrars are mainly present in many different types of elements and many types of acids, alkalis, salts, oils, fats, etc. toxic chemical substances. All of these mix together water and pollute water by making it poisonous.

There are adequate waste products from pulp and paper industry, sugar industry, textile industry, leather industry, liquor industry, pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, food processing industry and chemical industries, which are disposed of in water sources. Most industrial waste is organic matter, which is decomposed by bacteria. But this process is very slow, which leads to bad odor and the water of the drains that wastes waste products becomes polluted.Pesticides such as arsenic, cyanide, mercury, lead, iron, copper, acid and alkali etc. Unset the levels, whereas fats, oils and fish are directly affected by fish. In industries, cleaning of metal, washing, dyeing, pulp center, motor service station etc. And the bases keep getting in excess quantity of water.

BOD, COD from Paper and Lugdi Industries Ammonia, acids, bacteria; Ammonia, Nitrogen and Urea from the fertilizer industry; BOD, COD, solid particles, color, heavy metallic oil, ghee etc. from the textile industry; Solid particle, BOD, COD from plastic industry e.t.c; BOD, solid particles, dust concrete particles, oils etc from rubber treatment; Biodiesel, oil and grease etc are polluted by food grains, which pollute the water in water sources.

The water of these rivers has become polluted by the waste of industries situated on the banks of river Ganga and Yamuna. Most parts of Ganga river water have been polluted due to the wastewater from industries in Kanpur, Allahabad and Varanasi. From the fall of the garbage of leather factories in Kanpur to Kishanpur village, 10 km from Kanpur, the color of the water of the river Ganges has changed. Exhausted wastewater is found in the river Ganges from the factory of IFFCO Chemical Flour at Phulpur near Allahabad, where the fish have been found to be dead till 16 km.4. Agricultural Exclusion: In the current time, the use of many new methods of agriculture is increasing in agriculture to get more production from the crops. Green Revolution is the result of this. With the introduction of new methods in agriculture where irrigation has increased on the one hand, the use of chemical fertilizers, uprooters and pesticides on the other hand has also increased at a rapid pace. With these new experiments in agriculture where production has increased greatly on one side, on the other hand, the price of this success has to be paid by the loss of environment (especially water pollution).

Due to the complete agricultural practices, there has been an increase in land erosion, which inhibit the route of rivers and the river bed also becomes high. The lakes are gradually folded into the position of flatness. Water is also polluted by mud clay.The second reason for water pollution under exacerbation is the use of increasing chemical fertilizers. Most fertilizers are inorganic phosphate and nitrogen. Excessive use of these fertilizers leads to a nutritional condition. Supplementation refers to the situation arising from excessive enrichment of water by nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate. An increase in the situation of nutrition begins to pollute the water. The additional fertilizer added in the fields gradually flows along the water and reaches the rivers, ponds and ponds. Reaching high water of nitrogen, especially in the lake, the process of eutrophication intensifies in the lake. As a result, the water increases with the intensity of algae and due to the death of algae, abnormal bacteria are produced in large numbers. By the process of decomposition of organic substances, the amount of oxygen in the water is greatly reduced. As a result, there is a shortage of aquatic creatures and water becomes polluted. As a result of nutrition, the rivers gradually turn into anoop and end in the buffalo. The best example of nutrition is Dal Lake. This world-renowned lake has passed through the early stages of nutrition and has moved towards pollution. The south-eastern part of this lake is becoming increasingly contaminated by the presence of water wastewater and agricultural water-runoff.

5. Heat or thermal pollution: Water and rivers of ponds are used for the purpose of reducing the ultra-thermal impact of various reactors in various productive machinery. As a result of the cooling process, the heat is recharged into water sources. Such heat water increases the heat of water sources, making the water polluted. In addition to industries, thermal pollution is also done by steam or atomic power generating machinery. In the energy plants, sufficient natural water is used for the cooling of the powders.The special effect of thermal pollution is on water bodies. Large organisms can not tolerate more temperatures. Increased temperature of water also decreases the oxygen solubility and increases the amount of salts.

6. Oily contamination: Oily pollution occurs due to the presence of oil and oily materials in the river and other water sources with industrial equipment. Due to oil pollution due to the "Kawoga river" of the USA and the mangaris in the Bihar state in India, the fire was found in the Ganges of oil refinery by the oil refinery.

In the oceans, the likelihood of oil pollution is high, due to which the oil from the oil carriers ships in the oceans and the fires occur due to the crash of the ships. According to an estimate, about 50 million to 10 million tonnes of petroleum products per year meet for different reasons in the sea.

7. Radioactive waste and incubation: At present, innumerable radioactive particles from atomic explosions spread far into the atmosphere and later gradually fall into the form of aware, which goes to the water sources for various reasons and the food Reaches the human body through the series. Radioactive substances in water sources make the water poisonous. Since the disruption of radioactive particles is very slow, their effect in water persists for a long time.Criteria for determining water pollution


For identifying any water, certain parameters have been identified which can be considered polluted if there is a deficiency or overdose. These criteria can be divided into three subclasses:

1. Physical criteria: It covers temperature, color, lightness, convection (floating and dissolved) and total solid substances.

Chemical criterion: It contains oxygen dissolved in CO.D. (Chemical Oxygen Demand), P.H.Man, Alkalinity / Acidity, Heavy Metals, Mercury, Lead, Chromium and Radioactive Products.

3. Biological Criteria: It contains bacteria, coliform, algae and viruses. The water of the above pollutants has a certain limit. Due to the increase in this quantity, the water starts getting polluted.Problems caused by water pollution


The effect of water pollution is on both aquatic life and man. The effect of water pollution on aquatic life is reflected on plants and animals. Many of the toxic substances present in industrial waste and exfoliation destroy the aquatic life. Water pollution reduces the diversity of aquatic life. It is thus clear that water pollution destroys many plants and animals.

Fierce consequences of water pollution are a serious threat to the health of the nation. According to an estimate, two-thirds of the diseases occurring in India are from polluted water. The impact of water pollution on human health is by water contact with water and chemical substances present in water. Along with drinking water, the pathogenic bacteria, viruses, protozoa reach the human body, and severe diseases such as cholera, typhoid, infant cirrhosis, dysentery, jaundice, hyper, hepatic apesis, eczema giardiyata, nauru, leptospirosis produce, while in water Fierce diseases such as catharticity, colic, nephritis, convulsions and papal are produced by humans present in the chemical substances. The radioactive substances with water also enter the human body and cause adverse effects on the liver, kidney and human brain.

The serious consequences of water pollution also occur on sea creatures. Due to the polluting elements of industries, the death of fish in large quantities has become commonplace in many parts of the country. Dying of fish means the loss of a good source of protein and the loss of livelihood of millions of Indian fishermen even more.

The impact of water pollution is also on the agricultural land. The pollutant water passing through the agricultural land, destroys the fertility of the land. Dyeing of big cities of Jodhpur, Pali and Rajasthan- is being destroyed by the printing industry, the fertile land of villages situated on the edges, mixed in the water contaminated water.

Not only this, when irrigation is done by polluted water, its side effects also occur on agricultural production. The reason for this is that when irrigation is done through the filthy drains and the wastewater (contaminated water) of the canals, a fraction of the metals enter the cycle of food production, thereby decreasing agricultural output by 17 to 30 percent. is.

Thus, on the basis of analysis of the above problems generated from water pollution, it can be said that the entire water system of the water source is disrupted by polluted water.Rescue from water pollutionThe most important thing to prevent pollution is that we should stop the process of promoting water pollution. Under this, any kind of waste or waste evaporation should not be allowed in the water bodies. Mineral water and washed stools from the houses should be collected and dissolved in the water bodies after full treatment in the research equipment. Due to the sources of drinking water (such as pond, river etc.), the entry of various types of dirt should be stopped by making the wall. To prevent dirt around the reservoirs, bathing in them, washing clothes, etc. should also be prevented.

There should be restrictions on bathing animals in river and pond. The industries should not be given theoretically to be established near water sources. Apart from this, the industries already established near the water resources should be prevented from immersing them in the water bodies without treating their wastewater.

The use of fertilizers and pesticides more than required in agriculture should also be reduced. Where prohibition is not possible, they should be used in a controlled manner.

Efforts should be made to keep water clean by removing unnecessary aquatic plants present in polluted reservoirs and collecting sludge in the bottom from time to time.

Some species of special fish have such qualities that they feed mosquito eggs, larvae and aquatic weed. Consequently, the cure of such fish in the water helps in maintaining cleanliness of the water.

Awareness about the causes of water pollution, the side effects and prevention methods should be increased among the public so that people using water should not pollute or pollute the water and protect it.