Hydrogen- the most abundant element in the universe! -Part 04-
hive-196387·@benainouna·
0.000 HBDHydrogen- the most abundant element in the universe! -Part 04-
Energy level diagram of Hydrogen Atom: - One can compute the energies of the different states in which the hydrogen atom can exist. In the energy level diagram that follows, these values are shown as part of a discontinuous sequence that converges to E∞ (E∞=0).  [Energy level diagram of electrons in hydrogen atom- Wikipedia](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:05-07-2015_Problem_7.64.jpg) The difference (E-E1), which equals +13,6 eV, represents the energy needed to remove an electron from the atom in its ground state. This energy is the hydrogen atom's ionization energy. Hydrogen bond: - A hydrogen atom can form a second bond with a highly electronegative atom of another molecule if it is bonded to an atom with a very high electronegativity. The term "hydrogen bond" refers to this hydrogen bridge-based dipole-dipole bond between molecules. Compared to an interatomic bond, it has a bond length that is much longer.  [An example of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in a self-assembled dimer complex. The hydrogen bonds are represented by dotted lines- Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hydrogen_Bond_Quadruple_AngewChemIntEd_1998_v37_p75.jpg) The high electronegativity of oxygen (3,5) in water, for instance, causes a strong attraction of the shared electrons, bringing the hydrogen atom closer to becoming a proton and causing it to bond with the oxygen of the adjacent molecule. In fact, in addition to the shared electrons, this oxygen atom has two additional electrons, each of which can attract a hydrogen atom from another molecule. This bonding results in the presence of four hydrogen atoms surrounding each oxygen atom, two of which are linked to oxygen via two covalent bonds and the third and fourth via two hydrogen bonds. The four hydrogen atoms in its corners and the oxygen atom in its center give this assembly the shape of a tetrahedron, with the angle between one bond and another being approximately 109 degrees. - Proteins and other organic compounds with the hydroxyl group also contain this bond. Bibliographic references: - - [General and inorganic chemistry book- M. Shkhashirou- H. Birqdad- Y. Qodsi- University publications. Algeria] - [Protium- Wikipedia](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protium#:~:text=Le%20protium%2C%20not%C3%A9%201H,abondance%20naturelle%20de%2099%2C988%205%20%25.) - [Hydrogen- Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen) - [Book- Chimie moderne- L.Nikolaiv] - [Atome d'hydrogène- Wikipedia](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atome_d%27hydrog%C3%A8ne) - [Tritium radioluminescence- Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritium_radioluminescence) - [Hydrogen spectral series- Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_spectral_series) - [Smail Meziane: Livre Chimie générale- Structure de la matiére. Berti edition, Alger, 2006] - [Hydrogen bond- Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_bond#Definitions_and_general_characteristics)
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